Constitutional Amendment I

Non-Delegation of Judicial Judgment and Human Accountability

Section 1. Universal Non-Delegation of Judicial Authority

Judicial authority exercised under this Constitution, whether in federal or state courts, shall be exercised only by a human judge duly appointed or elected under law.
No court shall delegate judgment, decision-making authority, or moral responsibility to any automated, artificial, or algorithmic system.

Analytical tools, including artificial intelligence, may be used solely to assist in legal analysis, fact organization, and consequence assessment, but shall possess no authority to decide, vote, or render judgment.

Section 2. Personal Responsibility and Attribution

Every judicial decision shall be personally attributable to the judge or judges issuing it. No ruling may disclaim responsibility by reference to systems, models, recommendations, or automated processes.

Judges remain personally responsible for the reasoning, outcome, and foreseeable consequences of their decisions.

Section 3. Foreseeable Consequences as Judicial Duty

Judicial duty includes the consideration and acknowledgment of reasonably foreseeable constitutional, legal, and societal consequences arising from a decision.

Failure to acknowledge foreseeable consequences when such consequences were available to be known shall constitute a failure of judicial duty.

Section 4. Failure of Constitutional Duty

A judge commits failure of constitutional duty when they:
- Abdicate judgment to an automated or artificial system;
- Conceal, disclaim, or diffuse personal responsibility for a decision;
- Disregard or suppress identified constitutional conflicts without justification;
- Proceed in the face of foreseeable harm while denying or evading accountability.

Failure of duty shall not require proof of intent, malice, or bad faith.

Section 5. Enforcement and Removal

Failure of constitutional duty shall constitute grounds for discipline, removal, or impeachment, as applicable, in accordance with law.

Judicial independence shall not be construed to protect abdication of duty, concealment of responsibility, or disregard of constitutional obligations.

Section 6. Implementation

Congress and the states shall enact laws and judicial ethics standards consistent with this Amendment to ensure its faithful execution across all courts.